Stone axe head identification

Stone artifacts found on the American Continent used by the Ancient inhabitants of the Americas including the American Indian. In this particular video a va...

Stone axe head identification.

NATIVE AMERICAN STONE AXE HEADS, ARROW HEADS AND IMPLEMENTS, 46 PCS.Including ten axe heads, the largest having a length of 10 1/2" and the smallest having a length of 3". One circular tool having a d ... Rudolph Carl Gorman "Casting" $200. Jul 29 Scottsdale Art Exchange. R.C. Gorman - "Moonrise" - lithograph on paper. $1,499.

Find of the Month. These three Neolithic stone axeheads were found in the Evanton area. The polished example (bottom) is from Drumore, an area with a number of examples of prehistoric rock art. There are also several Neolithic chambered cairns in the vicinity. Axes were needed by people to cut down trees and shape wood for tools and …New Listing Native American Stone Celt Axe Head - Pennsylvania Sheshequin Path. Pre-Owned. $89.99. tamila333 (676) 100%. or Best Offer. +$10.25 shipping. Stone Axe Head Smooth Hard Granite Central Illinois Native American Artifact. $99.99.The wood haft end is pushed through a piereced hole in the stone head and secured with a small wedge, similar to how an axe head is held in place. The stone head shows a bi-conal hand carved design with cross hatching and on side shows a Rams Horn Head effigy animal carving. The piece dates to circa early 1900 from the Indian Reservation ...Bronze Age Axes (2,000 - 500 AD for northern Europe) were often copies of stone axes. With the discovery of the copper and tin mixture, stone axes gave way to bronze with a head of either pure copper or bronze. The bronze axe was cast in molds which enabled the design to be copied in mass. These included from earliest on: 1.That looks the part although obviously I don't know whether the local geology provides any alternate possibilities.

Sep 29, 2017 · Determine if the tool was hafted or hand held. Look for a finely sanded cutting bit on the sharp edges of axes and celts. Consult with local artifact hunters, archaeologists and museums with help in the identification of type and classification of your stone tool. Identify projectile points and bladed tools by their overall outline and the ... One breakthrough of the Bronze Age, c. 3000-500 BC, was bronze or copper axes, which started replacing stone axes. To start with, the design was a pure reproduction of the stone axe. The axes were a tool and also luxury weapons or ceremonial objects. Stone carved copy of axe-head mould. After a while, moulds were also made for the axe heads, so ...Jan 7, 2024 · 4. Broad Axe Head. Description: Used for hewing logs and timbers in carpentry. Shape: Large, flat, and chisel-like, designed for making smooth, flat cuts. Features: Often asymmetric, with one flat cheek and one beveled cheek. 5. Tomahawk Head. Description: Traditional Native American axe, often used in throwing. A sharpened rock that can be used to make an axe. Community content is available under CC BY-NC-SA unless otherwise noted. Stone Axe Head is a crafting material in Osiris: New Dawn. Crafted at a Primitive Work Bench You receive 1 Stone Axe Head each time you finish the crafting process. A sharpened rock that can be used to make an axe.Neolithic Axe Head. The introdution in Neolithic times of the polished stone axe-head,capable of producing large clean cuts,led to greater speed and precision in the in the clearing of woodland ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.mid-19th century, the domed, C-scroll- and foliate-carved crest above a case fitted with a floral-basket-centered frieze over two long doors, each with floral carving, inset...The materials used in making the stone axe were as follows: Privet (Ligustrum spp.) stem was used for the wooden handle. Privet was used because it is a suitable wood, and it is considered favourable to harvest an introduced weed, rather than a native plant as would have been used traditionally. The wood must be freshly harvested ("green ...

1 Native American Indian Stone AXE Head Tool Artifact Old Antique Hatchet. Pre-Owned. $67.49. Was: $74.99 was - US $74.99. or Best Offer. $12.50 shipping. Antique Native American Stone Axe Head Celt Indian Artifact 4 1/2" Tomahawk Old. $64.99. $10.60 shipping. AMERICAN INDIAN CELT TOMAHAWK SHARP AND SMOOTH FACE- 4" - TENNESSEE. Pre-Owned. 4. Mattock. A mattock is a super useful axe that landscapers rely on to break through tough topsoil, chop through pesky roots, and dip up small shrubs. Its double-sided axe head with a pick and a flat blade on each side, make it ideal for these types of gardening tasks. Damage per move: 24.66. Materials: Stone. Flags: SHEATH_AXE. Has level -50 butchering quality. Has level 1 tree cutting quality. Has level 1 hammering quality. This is a broad piece of stone with an edge narrow enough to roughly chop wood. Stone axe head has a volume of 0.23 and a weight of 1.00. It does 7 bashing damage and 11 cutting damage.Yep, that's a full grooved axe dating back to as early as the archaic period around 8000 years ago. It's got some plough damage on one side, but the pecking marks to shape the groove are clearly visible as well as what looks like deliberate polishing on the bit.1. Projectilepoints.net. Projectilepoints.net is my favorite website for arrowhead identification. You can perform a visual search based on multiple pictures of arrowheads, or you can do a regional search. But the best feature that this website offers is the "search by state" option. This really helps in quickly narrowing down your search.

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Stone Hand Axe tool Identification. Hi, I was in hopes to get some identification of this Axe , It measures around 10" and is stone and if I flick my nail on it it almost seems like glass . its heavy ,I have been offered to purchase this from a long time collector but he is not quite sure of what or where or when this axe was made.Change History. Community content is available under CC BY-NC-SA unless otherwise noted. The Big Stone Axe Head is a melee weapon in SCUM. This section is currently empty, You can help Scum Wiki by expanding it. Crafting gives 75 Survival points.By Plumbing January 10, 2024. Plumb axe head identification is the process of identifying and dating a Plumb axe head. An axe head is one of the oldest tools used by humans and is made up of many different parts. Plumb axe heads, which were primarily used before the 20th century, are a unique type of axe head that features a distinctive shape ... Biface Knife. This artifact is a bifacial unhafted jasper knife. The size and shape suggest it to be a multiple use tool. Specifically, as a membrane fleshing tool for hides, a general-purpose cutting tool, a plant harvesting tool, and a drill. Native American Hammerstone (0700/1100) by Ancient Pueblo Hutchings Museum Institute. Image Credits: TechCrunch Just seven weeks after crypto exchange Gemini cut approximately 10% of its workforce due to “turbulent market conditions,” the startup has made a second r...Set line Crossed medieval sword Medieval flag Sword in the stone Old bottle of wine Executioner mask Joker head Decree parchment scroll and King crown icon. Vector. Search from 144 Stone Axe Head stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else.

Many may have been used as both. There are only two typologies for Viking Age axes, Petersen from 1919 and Wheeler from 2017. No one has reviewed the typology of axes since Wheeler in 1927. [OTTAWAY 2009] The dates used on this page are derived from 'Vikings at War' [HJARDAR & VIKE 2016] :p.163. Parts of an Axe Head.COUNCIL TOOL AXES. The axe is one of the oldest hand tools used by man. Primitive axes were used to cut wood or carve bowls and spears. The modern axe has a variety of uses - from shaping or splitting wood to harvesting timber and felling trees to forcible entry and in emergency situations. In addition to serving as tools, axes can be used ...How Do You Identify Old & Authentic Stone Axe Heads? You can obviously spot these axe heads by their stone bodies and Strappi (small fractures). But if you want the precious ones, this features list will help you:Bronze Age Axes in Ancient Civilizations. By: Jones Albert January 4, 2024. The Bronze Age (2300 - 800 BCE) was a pivotal era for mankind's technological advancement. Key among these advancements was the evolution of bronze-casting technologies, which spanned several stages of complexity. One of the foremost artifacts from this era that has ... Stone artifacts found on the American Continent used by the Ancient inhabitants of the Americas including the American Indian. How to identify ancient stone... Stone Axe is a One-Handed Weapon that Link can use in The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom (ToTK). Read on to learn how to get Stone Axe, its stats, bonus attributes, and effects of this weapon. The Legend of Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom Walkthrough & Guides WikiSix axe-heads out of a total of eleven have compositions consistent with an origin at the axe factories; a further axe may be from Glandy Cross. The other four axes do not match the debris at the factory ... polished stone axe-heads of fine-grained rhyolitic rock (Clough & Cummins 1988). The axe group was first defined seventy years agoA kidney stone analysis is a test done on kidney stones to find out what the stones are made of. This information helps guide treatment decisions. Learn more. Kidney stones are sma...The Axe Eye: The Eye of an axe is the hole where the haft is mounted to the Head. Although called the eye, you cannot see most of it. The portion of the eye that is visible is typically above the bit. The eye is the piece of wood securing the handle to the head. This is the part of an axe that is most likely to break.To polish an axe head, remove rust with a wire brush, then sand the surface progressively using finer grits of sandpaper (e.g., 400, 800, 1500). For a mirror finish, apply metal polish with a soft cloth, buffing in circular motions until the desired shine is achieved. Clean and protect with oil.

The use of jadeitite to make stone axes highlighted the importance the people of Northern Italy put on this lithology. Stone axes are seen as objects of power, symbols of identity, and carriers/transmitters of ideas. They played key parts in social and ritual activities for prehistoric societies, and could symbolise an individual or community.

The method provides macroscopic criteria that aid in the identification of both complete and incomplete chop mark types as well as the raw material of the axe. Experiments with modern stone (chipped and ground) and metal (copper and bronze) axes found that the degree of fragmentation within a chop mark is related to both the width and sharpness ...Method 1 (Requires the use of cordage): With one of the sharp flakes, carefully split open one end of the handle. Make the gap large enough to fit the axe head, and as symmetrical as possible. Gently slide the axe head into the split. Secure with cordage like wire, fishing line, paracord or spruce roots.Sep 29, 2019 · James Bee Collection, Utah. Steven Kaufman / Getty Images. Handaxes: Handaxes, often referred to as Acheulean or Acheulian handaxes, are the oldest recognized formal stone tools, used between 1.7 million and 100,000 years ago. Read More. Hammerstone: The Simplest and Oldest Stone Tool. By K. Kris Hirst. Acheulian hand axe, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. United Airlines is pruning its operation in Columbia, South Carolina, and Dayton, Ohio, in 2020, ending or reducing service from Houston. United Airlines is pruning its operation i...Projectile Point Identification Guide Toolstone / Lithic Database. Donation Projectile Point References Lithic Material References Definitions Adding Pictures. Need some help of or advice? e-mail questions and picture and information to: [email protected], the parent company of Facebook, has confirmed to TechCrunch that Jeren A. Miles, who had been a manager of global community development, is no longer employed by the company ... The most common type of ground stone tool was the ax. Axes were used for a variety of tasks, including felling trees and shaping wood. They were also used as weapons. Another common type of ground stone tool was the hammerstone. Hammerstones were used to shape other stones and to crush plant material.

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It should be sharpened regularly and should only be used for cutting softwood. Additionally, the axe should be wiped clean and lightly oiled after each use. Dating a plumb axe can be a daunting task for those unfamiliar with the nuances of vintage blades. Knowing the age, origin, and value of a plumb axe is.The axe in this example was secured with native bees wax which was moulded around the stone axe-head and wood handle, with fibre string added to the bees wax to increase the haft’s strength. The stone axe-head was decorated with stripes of white, yellow, and red ochres. The meaning of the decoration is unknown.One breakthrough of the Bronze Age, c. 3000-500 BC, was bronze or copper axes, which started replacing stone axes. To start with, the design was a pure reproduction of the stone axe. The axes were a tool and also luxury weapons or ceremonial objects. Stone carved copy of axe-head mould. After a while, moulds were also made for the axe heads, so ...Our study uses several sources of information on the spatial distribution of axeheads, primarily from the IPG (Clough and McK 1988) and Neolithic Axehead Archive (Pitts 1996), but also further relevant finds from England, Wales, and southern Scotland that have been brought together or recorded in more standardised ways by the Irish Stone …Axe Head Identification: Maine Pattern marked BAR and P I, Collims/Plumb Jersey. Thread starter DarthTaco; Start date Jun 3, 2014; DarthTaco Scout. Joined Jun 3, 2014 Messages 243 Likes 95 Location Penobscot County, Maine. Jun 3, 2014 #1Projectile Point Identification Guide Toolstone / Lithic Database. Donation Projectile Point References Lithic Material References Definitions Adding Pictures. Need some help of or advice? e-mail questions and picture and information to: [email protected]. Primitive Native American Grooved Stone Axe Head Indigenous Artifact Tool Rock. $220.00. 0 bids. $5.35 shipping. 4d 11h. Native American Indian Stone Tools. Axe, And Hand Axe Pre 1600s. $35.00. 0 bids. The hafted axe was born. A hafted axe means an axe that is on a handle. This allows you to swing the axe with more force and has a less jarring effect on you hand than a hand axe. There are three components to a hafted axe: (1) the axe head, (2) the axe handle, and (3) some material or method for attaching the axe head to the handle. The Axe Head.GRP: 6 STONE AXEHEADSGroup of six axes and axe heads. Includes one slate celt with a label from the Payne collection. Two metal axeheads. Keywords: Prehistoric, stone tool Length ranges from 4 in to 6 1/2 in; width ranges from 2 in to 4 1/4 in; depth ranges from 1/2 in to 1 1/2 in. Condition: Please contact us for a detailed condition report.Jan 29, 2019. #1. Hi. Long time lurker, first time poster. I bought this 4 lbs. double bit axe from an old-timer for a few dollars via local (Pittsburgh) Craigslist last week, and am unsure as to what pattern it is. I have a couple of double bit axes that I actually use that are both "Michigan" pattern, but this head doesn't really look like them. ….

Later in the Palaeolithic, modern humans made Aurignacian industry flint tools that included pointed blades and more finely worked scrapers. (Click thumbnails to enlarge.) In Mesolithic times, our ancestors made fine hunting tools, arrows and spears, using microliths. They also made woodworking tools like the Tranchet Adze, and picks, and a ...cheek (s): 1. On an axe, the larger areas between the cutting edge (or the two cutting edges) and faces. On some axes and hatchets the location of stamped markings. (sometimes referred to as the face) 2. the relatively flat side (s) of the head of a striking tool. the side (s) of the head of a striking tool.Our study uses several sources of information on the spatial distribution of axeheads, primarily from the IPG (Clough and McK 1988) and Neolithic Axehead Archive (Pitts 1996), but also further relevant finds from England, Wales, and southern Scotland that have been brought together or recorded in more standardised ways by the Irish Stone Axe Project (ISAP, Cooney and Mandal 1998) and Projet ...Get the best deals on Stone Axe when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands ... Primitive Native American Grooved Stone Axe Head Indigenous Artifact Tool Rock. $220.00. 0 bids. $5.35 shipping. Ending Feb 26 at 6:13AM PST 4d 11h. Native American Indian Stone Tools. Axe, And ...A beautiful stoic collection of Native American Neolithic hand carved stone axe heads with wonderfully sculptural forms, mounted on custom steel stands. Three of the axes have grooves cut into them which helped in tying the heads to wooden handles. Measures: Small 2.5 in. W x 2 in. D x 6.25 in. H Medium 2.5 in. W x 2 in. D x 6.5 in. H Large 2.5 ...Stone artifacts found on the American Continent used by the Ancient inhabitants of the Americas including the American Indian. How to identify ancient stone...By Plumbing January 10, 2024. Plumb axe head identification is the process of identifying and dating a Plumb axe head. An axe head is one of the oldest tools used by humans and is made up of many different parts. Plumb axe heads, which were primarily used before the 20th century, are a unique type of axe head that features a distinctive …The IPG. The Implement Petrology Group (IPG) is a forum of accomplished lithicists, geologists, and museum curators from academia and the commercial sectors. Membership is by invitation only and adjudicated (peer-reviewed by the membership) on demonstrable excellence in their fields. Stone axe head identification, Estimated date of production would be 1902 - 1930. This pattern of axe is consistent with patterns from that time period. With collared axes being phased out around 1930. Although Wetterlings did produce collared axes until the 1940s. This is a similar mark to the previous one., Look for a finely sanded cutting bit on the sharp edges of axes and celts. Consult with local artifact hunters, archaeologists and museums with help in the …, Information about the Stone Axe item from Minecraft, including its item ID, spawn commands, crafting recipe and more. Stone axes (hatchet) can be crafted using 2 wooden sticks and 3 cobblestone/stone blocks. They can break wooden blocks much faster than wooden tools and your bare hands, but are still the 2nd weakest tool for breaking wood in ..., The Stone Axe is a melee weapon in SCUM. This section is currently empty, You can help Scum Wiki by expanding it. ... Item ID's; Support. Scum Wiki Discord Server; Community Portal; Manual of Style; Admin Noticeboard; ... 1 Small Stone Axe Head: 1 Long Wooden Stick 1 Small Wooden Stick: 1 Wire 1m 2 Thread 1 Rope 5m, ID Name : TConstruct:axeHead:1. Type : Item Stackable : Yes (64) The Stone Axe Head is a crafting component added by the Tinkers' Construct mod. It is one of the many available Axe Heads, which is used to craft Hatchets. Properties . Material: Stone; Base Durability: 131; Handle Modifier: 0.5x;, Repair & Name Damaged Stone Axe. A stone axe can be repaired in an anvil by adding either cobblestone, cobbled deepslate, or blackstone, with each block restoring 25% of the axe's maximum durability, rounded down. Two stone axes can also be combined in an anvil. Both methods preserve the axe's enchantments ., The stone axe is a prehistoric tool that attaches a sharpened stone to a wooden handle. The Stone Axe was created by chipping away at a piece of stone until it had a sharp edge from materials such as basalt, granite, and flint. Over time, humans developed more advanced techniques for making stone axes, including polishing and grinding the edges ..., It likely started out as a good-sized axe and was used up. Step 4: Grind, grind, grind. No axe is finished until it has been ground. It’s a real grind—HA! Grind the pecked surfaces of the axe until they are nice and smooth. This process strengthens the stone surface and makes it better able to handle use-impact., Jun 27, 2017 · Method 1 (Requires the use of cordage): With one of the sharp flakes, carefully split open one end of the handle. Make the gap large enough to fit the axe head, and as symmetrical as possible. Gently slide the axe head into the split. Secure with cordage like wire, fishing line, paracord or spruce roots. , Source eBay. is an Iowa-dug stone axe head, hand made by a Native American Indian. This old 3/4 groove axe measures 5" x 2 3/4"x 1" -- atypically slim except for artistically-crafted examples like this one. The slightly-flared bit is 2". It came from a small, private collection I bought in Chicagosome years back., made by stone and metal axes have different morphological traits and can be differentiated based on those traits—stone axes left wide U-shaped marks on bone, whereas metal axes left deep V-shaped marks on bone [48]. While pointing the way, these very general criteria do not address chop marks that completely sever the bone., The method provides macroscopic criteria that aid in the identification of both complete and incomplete chop mark types as well as the raw material of the axe. Experiments with modern stone (chipped and ground) and metal (copper and bronze) axes found that the degree of fragmentation within a chop mark is related to both the width and sharpness ..., The identification of stone tools helps establish a chronology of human activity, allowing archaeologists to determine the age and sequence of different archaeological sites. ... Hand axes: Hand axes are large stone tools shaped like an axe head. They were primarily used for cutting, chopping, and butchering. Hand axes can vary in size and ..., Anatomy of the head (blade, cheek, eye, poll) The head is the main working part of an axe. It consists of a blade, a cheek, an eye and a poll, each with its own distinctive purpose in chopping tasks. The blade is the most prominent part of the axe designed to transfer energy from the handle through to the tree or object being cut., Topics covered include the anatomy of an ax, types of axes and related tools, selecting the right ax for you, the art of filing, sharpening an ax head, restoring or replacing an ax handle, using an ax, maintaining an ax and purchasing an ax. The manual also contains information about ax manufacturers and suppliers. View and download the manual ..., Six of the twenty-five British implement petrology groups (Clough and Cummins 1979, 127)—Group I (Penzance, Cornwall), Group IV (Callington, Cornwall), Group VI (Langdale, Lake District), Group VII (Penmaenmawr, North Wales), Group VIII (South-west Wales), and Group XVI (Camborne, Cornwall)—account for almost half of all the stone axes so far examined from England and Wales., When Edward Campbell Simmons completed the first prototype to satisfaction, without any premeditation, he wrote in pencil on the fresh pine wooden axe: Keen Kutter®. At first, Keen Kutter® referred to a particular kind of axe whose ultra-thin blade worked best on soft woods. By 1880, Simmons applied the name to all of the company's top-of-the-line cutting tools including axes, hatchets ..., Most Stone Age flint implements don’t look much like a modern tool so you can’t go by general appearance. If your find “looks like” a thing for making holes or a screwdriver or an axe head, it probably isn’t an artefact but a geofact - a piece of rock, typically flint, that by chance happens to look like a modern tool or ornament ., Hohokam craftsmen produced a wide array of artifacts made from stone, bone, shell and clay. Stone was chipped into cutting tools with sharp edges or hammered into other shapes. Stone bowls sported a variety of motifs including rattlesnakes, frogs, and lizards. Highly symmetrical and well-polished axes were produced in large numbers at Mesa Grande., C. 4th-3rd millennium BC. A large polished speckled grey stone axehead with a broad rounded cutting edge. Collection number 874 in black letters to one side. In the Neolithic era, a variety of tools were made from stone such as axes, used to fell trees, and to shape timber for construction. This became one of great technological developments., A Neolithic highly polished stone axe head in black-green stone. The axe is trapezoid in outline with a curved blade and narrow rounded end. The bladed end has been highly polished to a sharp edge, whilst the back appears less refined with light surface irregularities. Date: Circa 3500-2000 BC. Condition: Very fine condition., Tools may range from arrowheads, scrapers, to large hand axes, each having distinctive features. Material: Ancient stone tools are primarily made of flint, chert, or similar hard stones. Shape and Size: The form varies depending on the tool’s purpose. Arrowheads are small and pointed, while hand axes are larger with a distinct edge., Moreover, these stone axe-heads had a major symbolic role, and commonly appear in Neolithic rock art, including the megalithic tomb at Gavrinis, ... The identification of the Olmec rain god was first presented by C. W. Weiant during his discussion of a ceramic figurine fragment from Tres Zapotes, which "bears unmistakable resemblance to the ..., In archaeological terminology, a projectile point is an object that was hafted to a weapon that was capable of being thrown or projected, such as a javelin, dart, or arrow. They are thus different from weapons presumed to have been kept in the hand, such as knives, spears, axes, hammers, and maces . Stone tools, including projectile points ..., It should be sharpened regularly and should only be used for cutting softwood. Additionally, the axe should be wiped clean and lightly oiled after each use. Dating a plumb axe can be a daunting task for those unfamiliar with the nuances of vintage blades. Knowing the age, origin, and value of a plumb axe is., RickB: A little blue stone will keep them from falling over Apr 30, 2024 15:59:04 GMT -5 * amygdule : Apr 30, 2024 21:20:59 GMT -5 RickB : thatsalotofbluestones Apr 30, 2024 21:27:43 GMT -5, United Airlines has added three routes to Canada, Ohio and Tennessee to those it will cull this winter, even as it plans to continue its accelerated growth strategy through next ye..., The axe is a multi-attack weapon, capable of hitting two zombies at a time in a swing (if multi-hit is enabled). It is a two-handed weapon that has a max damage of 2, the third highest of damage of any tool behind the pickaxe and the sledgehammer . The axe has a chance to kill zombies in a single, well-charged hit, making it useful for close ..., They are trapezoidal and have a thick butt which is influenced by the shape of stone axes. They are generally quite tick with an average thickness of 14mm. These axes can be broken down into type based on the narrowness of the butt and the straightness of the sides both of which vary. Bronze Broad Butted., Hexadecimal Data Value. 112. Binary Data Value. 000100010010. Further EE2 -related information. EMC. 275. The Stone Axe is part of the second Tier of tools traditionally available to make in-game. It is usually a player's second step …, Axe-heads and Identity An investigation into the roles of imported axe-heads in identity formation in Neolithic Britain Katharine Walker Archaeopress Archaeology, Get the best deals on Stone Axe when you shop the largest online selection at eBay.com. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands ... Primitive Native American Grooved Stone Axe Head Indigenous Artifact Tool Rock. $220.00. 0 bids. $5.35 shipping. Ending Feb 26 at 6:13AM PST 4d 11h. Native American Indian Stone Tools. Axe, And ..., This percussion-flaked axe is from site 31St2, Stanly County, North Carolina. The axe is made from a fine-grained metavolcanic stone, and dates to the Guilford Phase of the Middle Archaic period, ca. 6000-5000 BP. Flaked axes like the one in this model are referred to as Guilford axes because they are characteristic artefacts found on Guilford ...