Vfib treatment acls

This 2018 American Heart Association (AHA) focused update on the advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) is based on the systematic review of antiarrhythmic therapy and the resulting “2018 International Consensus on CPR and ECC Science With …

Vfib treatment acls. Basic treatment of torsade: ⚡️; Treatment of torsade storm: ⚡️; The following treatment strategy is for monomorphic VT, or polymorphic VT due to acute myocardial ischemia. The treatment of these entities is very similar, although there is a greater urgency to pursue revascularization in the context of polymorphic VT due to …

N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1499-1508. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormal rhythm caused by the rapid firing of multiple cells in the atria, the upper chambers of the heart, which cause the atria to quiver ineffectively. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice and is associated ...

Basic treatment of torsade: ⚡️; Treatment of torsade storm: ⚡️; The following treatment strategy is for monomorphic VT, or polymorphic VT due to acute myocardial ischemia. The treatment of these entities is very similar, although there is a greater urgency to pursue revascularization in the context of polymorphic VT due to … Actually, the guideline for vfib/pVT is defibrillate, defibrillate, epi, defibrillate, amiodarone 300mg. Defibrillation is the recommended 1st line of treatment for vfib/pVT to reset the heart from its quivering motion. if it is refractory after 2 attempts. Epi is given every 3-5 mins. If still refractory after 3 attempts, amiodarone 300 mg is ... V-tach can be life-threatening if it's sustained (lasting more than 30 seconds). VFib. A fast, abnormal rhythm starts in the ventricles and prevents blood from being pumped throughout the body. Ventricle walls twitch or quiver uncontrollably and irregularly. VFib is always life-threatening, causing sudden cardiac arrest.Ventricular fibrillation (sometimes called v-fib for short) is an arrhythmia, a malfunction of the heart’s normal pumping sequence. It is the most common deadly arrhythmia. When it happens, the lower chambers of your heart quiver or twitch instead of completely expanding and squeezing. This means they aren’t pumping blood as they …BLS, ACLS, & PALS Algorithms. Algorithms help providers to be prepared to respond to life-threatening medical events in a systematic fashion. These algorithms provide a step-by-step process for responding to various emergency situations. By learning and mastering these algorithms, you will be better prepared to face these challenges in the ... Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is a dangerous type of arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat. It affects your heart’s ventricles. Your heart is a muscle system that contains 4 chambers. The 2 bottom chambers are the ventricles. In a healthy heart, your blood pumps evenly in and out of these chambers. Part 10.4: Hypothermia. Unintentional hypothermia is a serious and preventable health problem. Severe hypothermia (body temperature <30°C [86°F]) is associated with marked depression of critical body functions that may make the victim appear clinically dead during the initial assessment. But in some cases hypothermia may exert a protective ...

This 2018 ACLS guidelines focused update in- cludes updates only to the recommendations for the use of antiarrhythmics during and immediately after adult ventricular fibrillation …Oct 21, 2020 · Preamble. In 2015, approximately 350 000 adults in the United States experienced nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) attended by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. 1 Approximately 10.4% of patients with OHCA survive their initial hospitalization, and 8.2% survive with good functional status. Oct 21, 2020 · Preamble. In 2015, approximately 350 000 adults in the United States experienced nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) attended by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. 1 Approximately 10.4% of patients with OHCA survive their initial hospitalization, and 8.2% survive with good functional status. VF is the most common mechanism of sudden cardiac arrest and can also quickly develop into asystole (flatline), and death, it requires immediate treatment. The treatment process will focus on terminating the VF and restoring movement of blood toward vital organs and a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). IdentificationAcute ventricular fibrillation (VF) is treated according to Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocols. [ 81, 82] ) Interest in improving rates of public...

Background: American Heart Association Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines support the use of either amiodarone or lidocaine for cardiac arrest caused by ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) based on studies of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Studies comparing amiodarone and lidocaine in adult populations with in-hospital …Nov 15, 2022 · Ventricular fibrillation can cause sudden cardiac arrest, which requires immediate medical attention. Signs of cardiac arrest include: If you suspect someone is having cardiac arrest, it’s vital to respond appropriately and quickly. Call 911, give CPR and use an automated external defibrillator (AED) (PDF) if one is available. Ventricular fibrillation (sometimes called v-fib for short) is an arrhythmia, a malfunction of the heart’s normal pumping sequence. It is the most common deadly arrhythmia. When it happens, the lower chambers of your heart quiver or twitch instead of completely expanding and squeezing. This means they aren’t pumping blood as they …This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care is based on the evidence identified in systematic reviews and the resulting “2019 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and …Abstract. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are predominantly caused by channelopathies and cardiomyopathies in youngsters and coronary heart disease in the elderly. Temporary factors, e.g., electrolyte imbalance, drug interactions, and substance abuses may play an additive role in arrhythmogenesis.Medications used in PEA Vasopressors. A vasopressor is a medication that produces vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. The vasopressor that is used for the treatment within the right branch of the Cardiac Arrest Algorithm is epinephrine.. Epinephrine is primarily used for its vasoconstrictive effects. Vasoconstriction is …

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Nov 6, 2022 · Refractory ventricular fibrillation was defined as an initial presenting rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia that was still present after three consecutive ... Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) and Ventricular fibrillation (VF) are life-threatening cardiac rhythms that result in ineffective ventricular contractions. The ventricular motion of VF is not synchronized with atrial contractions. VT or VTach (Figure 25) is a condition in which the ventricles contract more than 100 times per minute.Defibrillation. This treatment is also called cardioversion. An automated external defibrillator (AED) delivers shocks through the chest wall to the heart. It ...Mar 1, 2021 ... In this video, we give an overview of how to teach the V-fib ... CARDIAC ARREST EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT, UNCONSCIOUS PULSELESS PATIENT TREATMENT ACLS ...Companies in the Industrial Goods sector have received a lot of coverage today as analysts weigh in on Axcelis Technologies (ACLS – Research R... Companies in the Industrial Good...

Dec 18, 2023 · Scope of the Guidelines. This 2023 focused update to the American Heart Association (AHA) advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care is based on the expert writing group review of the relevant International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR ... Overview. The International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation(CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) is the fourth in a series of annual International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) publications. This 2020 CoSTR for advanced life …This “2023 American Heart Association Focused Update on Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support” summarizes the most recent published evidence for and …Arrhythmia Recognition. Interpret all ECG and rhythm information within the context of total patient assessment. Inaccurate diagnoses and inappropriate therapy occur when ACLS providers base their decisions solely on cardiac rhythm and neglect to evaluate the patient’s clinical signs, such as ventilation, oxygenation, heart rate, blood pressure, level of consciousness, and other signs of ...Dec 9, 2020 · Sustained ventricular tachycardia, 3rd degree heart block. Treatment. Immediately initiate ACLS. Emergency electrical defibrillation (200 > 300 > 360J) the earlier that defibrillation is performed, the better. Prognosis, Prevention, and Complications. Most cases result in sudden death. Immediate intervention necessary for survival in vast ... Jan 30, 2024 · 2. Routine administration of calcium for treatment of cardiac arrest is not recommended. 3. Use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscita-tion for patients with cardiac arrest refractory to standard advanced cardiovascular life support is reasonable in select patients when provided within an appropriately trained and equipped system of care. 4. Each ACLS algorithm is designed to simplify the process for the management and treatment of patients experiencing a cardiovascular emergency or progressing toward a cardiovascular emergency. Most often these emergencies are related to an arrhythmia which must be identified and then treated with the appropriate ACLS algorithm.Oct 21, 2020 · Preamble. In 2015, approximately 350 000 adults in the United States experienced nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) attended by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. 1 Approximately 10.4% of patients with OHCA survive their initial hospitalization, and 8.2% survive with good functional status.

S5.1.5.2-26 For this reason, chronic treatment of young patients with amiodarone should be reserved as a bridge to more definitive treatment options such as catheter ablation. Baseline evaluation of patients may include ECG, liver function tests, thyroid function tests, chest x-ray, and pulmonary function tests (including diffusing capacity of ...

In one recent case series on 12 patients in refractory VF ( Cortez 2016 ), double sequential defibrillation resulted in ROSC in 3 patients (25%, 95% CI 9% to 53%), all of whom survived to hospital discharge. Two of these patients had good neurologic outcomes at discharge (CPC scores of 1 and 2) while the third had a CPC score of 3.Sep 20, 2021 · Ventricular fibrillation (sometimes called v-fib for short) is an arrhythmia, a malfunction of the heart’s normal pumping sequence. It is the most common deadly arrhythmia. When it happens, the lower chambers of your heart quiver or twitch instead of completely expanding and squeezing. This means they aren’t pumping blood as they should. The American Heart Association (AHA) formally endorsed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in 1963, and by 1966 they had adopted standardized CPR guidelines for instruction to lay rescuers [ 2 ]. Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) guidelines have evolved over the past several decades based on a combination of scientific evidence of …The 2020 ACLS guidelines provide recommendations on the medication-specific management for arrhythmias including wide-complex tachycardia, regular narrow-complex tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and bradycardia [ 1 ]. There are also our 2020 ACLS guideline summaries on vasopressor and non-vasopressor medications used during cardiac ...TPG reader Drew is renovating his condo and is looking for the best credit card for furniture and household purchases. Update: Some offers mentioned below are no longer available. ... Understanding and Treating VF. Primary ventricular fibrillation arrest (frequently referred to as V-Fib, or simply VF) has a high likelihood of survival if the patient receives timely defibrillation. Because a defibrillator is not always readily available, CPR must frequently be used until a defibrillator can be obtained. Ventricular fibrillation (VFib or VF) and ventricular tachycardia (v-tach or VT) are two types of heart arrhythmia that occur in the heart’s lower chambers called the ventricles. The ventricles ...

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Background: American Heart Association Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines support the use of either amiodarone or lidocaine for cardiac arrest caused by ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) based on studies of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Studies comparing amiodarone and lidocaine in adult populations with in-hospital …Arrhythmias originating from the ventricular myocardium or His-Purkinje system are grouped under ventricular arrhythmia (VA). This includes a subset of arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), premature ventricular contractions (PVC), and ventricular flutter. Wide complex tachycardia (WCT) is used to define all tachyarrhythmia with QRS complex duration ...Ventricular fibrillation (VFib or VF) and ventricular tachycardia (v-tach or VT) are two types of heart arrhythmia that occur in the heart’s lower chambers called the ventricles. The ventricles ...Scope of the Guidelines. This 2023 focused update to the American Heart Association (AHA) advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care is based on the expert writing group review of the relevant International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR ...The goal of emergency treatment is to restore blood flow as quickly as possible to prevent organ and brain damage. Emergency treatment for ventricular … Each ACLS algorithm is designed to simplify the process for the management and treatment of patients experiencing a cardiovascular emergency or progressing toward a cardiovascular emergency. Most often these emergencies are related to an arrhythmia which must be identified and then treated with the appropriate ACLS algorithm. TPG reader Drew is renovating his condo and is looking for the best credit card for furniture and household purchases. Update: Some offers mentioned below are no longer available. ...A W-2 form is essential to filing your federal and South Carolina state tax returns. Without your return, you are missing important information you need to report, including your e...The American Heart Association name is owned by American Heart Association, Inc. ACLS Training Center has no affiliation with American Heart Association. Online ACLS recertification/renewal after expired ACLS, satisfaction guaranteed, or your money back. Our ACLS and BLS renewal and certification programs are easy to complete on your …Acute ventricular fibrillation (VF) is treated according to Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocols. [ 81, 82] ) Interest in improving rates of public...Ventricular fibrillation (sometimes called v-fib for short) is an arrhythmia, a malfunction of the heart’s normal pumping sequence. It is the most common deadly arrhythmia. When it happens, the lower chambers of your heart quiver or twitch instead of completely expanding and squeezing. This means they aren’t pumping blood as they … ….

Rhythm-Based Management. There are four possible electrocardiographic rhythms in cardiac arrest: ventricular fibrillation (VF), pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), pulseless electrical activity (PEA), and asystole. VF is a disorganized electrical activity, while a pulseless VT produces an organized electrical activity.Treat patients in whom thrombus is identified by TEE with oral anticoagulation (INR 2 to 3) for at least 3 to 4 weeks before and after restoration of sinus rhythm. (Level of Evidence: B) Class IIb. Cardioversion without TEE guidance during the first 48 h after the onset of AF.Asystole and Its Treatment in ACLS. Asystole is defined as a cardiac arrest rhythm in which there is no discernible electrical activity on the ECG monitor. Consequently, it is sometimes referred to as a “flat line.” Confirmation that a “flat line” is truly asystole is an important step in the ACLS protocol.ACLS 2020 Algorithms Brought to you by: FLORIDA HEART CPR* AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION BLS/ACLS/PALS TRAINING CENTER VERO BEACH, FLORIDA 772-388-5252 www.floridaheartcpr.com . 2 Revised Oct. 2020 ... rhythm checks) while searching for and treating reversible causesEpinephrine hydrochloride produces beneficial effects in patients during cardiac arrest, primarily because of its α-adrenergic receptor–stimulating properties. 1 The adrenergic effects of epinephrine increase myocardial and cerebral blood flow during CPR. 2 The value and safety of the β-adrenergic effects of epinephrine are controversial ...Ventricular fibrillation, or VF, is considered the most serious abnormal heart rhythm. VF is extremely dangerous and can lead to sudden cardiac death. Without treatment, the condition is fatal within minutes. …The reduction in cardiac output resulting can cause symptoms ranging from decreased level of consciousness to a total lack of cardiac output, known as a pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Unstable ventricular tachycardia may present with the following characteristics: Broad QRS arrhythmia. Highly accelerated heart rates.Summary. Ventricular fibrillation, or VFib or VF, is a dangerous arrhythmia that causes the heart's lower chambers (ventricles) to erratically quiver instead of pumping blood as they should. VFib results in sudden cardiac arrest and requires emergent defibrillation (electric shock) to restore the heart's normal rhythm.A retrospective study (2007-2013), using the nationwide Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database comprising 2961 patients who had cardiogenic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and who had VF on hospital arrival to assess the association between nifekalant or amiodarone on hospital admission and in-hospital mortality in these patients, found no significant in-hospital mortality ...Jul 24, 2023 · Cardiac defibrillation is the act of administering a transthoracic electrical current to a person experiencing one of the two lethal ventricular dysrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). Under Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) guidelines, pulseless VT and VF are treated the same. Heart disease ... Vfib treatment acls, Defibrillation. This treatment is also called cardioversion. An automated external defibrillator (AED) delivers shocks through the chest wall to the heart. It ..., This 2018 American Heart Association (AHA) focused update on the advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care (ECC) is based on the systematic review of antiarrhythmic therapy and the resulting “2018 International Consensus on CPR and ECC Science With Treatment Recommendations” (CoSTR) from the Advanced ..., There are two stages of treatment for V-fib: the first is focused on restoring the person’s pulse and blood pressure. The second stage focuses on reducing a person’s chances of developing ventricular fibrillation in the future. Stage one treatments for ventricular fibrillation include: Automated emergency defibrillator (AED), if used ..., The 2020 ACLS guidelines provide recommendations on the medication-specific management for arrhythmias including wide-complex tachycardia, regular narrow-complex tachycardia, atrial fibrillation/flutter, and bradycardia [ 1 ]. There are also our 2020 ACLS guideline summaries on vasopressor and non-vasopressor medications used during cardiac ..., Adam McCann, WalletHub Financial WriterMar 20, 2023 Adam McCann, WalletHub Financial WriterMar 20, 2023 Bottom Line: Prosper personal loans are good for people with fair-to-excelle..., PALS Cardiac Arrest Algorithm 1. Activate emergency medical services, call a pediatric “code blue”, obtain AED or defibrillator 2. Is the rhythm shockable? Rhythm IS shockable (ventricular fibrillation or unstable ventricular tachycardia) 1. Administer shock at 2 Joules/kg 2. Administer high-quality CPR for 2 minutes 3. Check rhythm If not shockable, move to …, The vasopressor that is used for the treatment within the right branch of the Cardiac Arrest Algorithm is epinephrine. Epinephrine is primarily used for its vasoconstrictive effects. Vasoconstriction is important during CPR because it will help increase blood flow to the brain and heart., However, it is unclear whether these medications improve patient outcomes. The 2018 AHA Focused Update on ACLS guidelines summarize the most recent published evidence for and recommendations on the use of antiarrhythmic drugs during and immediately after shock-refractory VF/pVT cardiac arrest. The updated guidelines state …, Summary. Ventricular fibrillation, or VFib or VF, is a dangerous arrhythmia that causes the heart's lower chambers (ventricles) to erratically quiver instead of pumping blood as they should. VFib results in sudden cardiac arrest and requires emergent defibrillation (electric shock) to restore the heart's normal rhythm., LYLE A. SIDDOWAY, M.D. Am Fam Physician. 2003;68 (11):2189-2197. Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent that is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. The drug ..., Basic treatment of torsade: ⚡️; Treatment of torsade storm: ⚡️; The following treatment strategy is for monomorphic VT, or polymorphic VT due to acute myocardial ischemia. The treatment of these entities is very similar, although there is a greater urgency to pursue revascularization in the context of polymorphic VT due to …, Aug 22, 2000 · Epinephrine hydrochloride produces beneficial effects in patients during cardiac arrest, primarily because of its α-adrenergic receptor–stimulating properties. 1 The adrenergic effects of epinephrine increase myocardial and cerebral blood flow during CPR. 2 The value and safety of the β-adrenergic effects of epinephrine are controversial ... , BLS, ACLS, & PALS Algorithms. Algorithms help providers to be prepared to respond to life-threatening medical events in a systematic fashion. These algorithms provide a step-by-step process for responding to various emergency situations. By learning and mastering these algorithms, you will be better prepared to face these challenges in the ..., This “2023 American Heart Association Focused Update on Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support” summarizes the most recent published evidence for and …, Temu's teams in Boston and Dublin mostly perform functions in tax, marketing and legal matters. Temu, a fast-growing e-commerce platform known for cheap deals, is making inroads in..., Medications used in PEA Vasopressors. A vasopressor is a medication that produces vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. The vasopressor that is used for the treatment within the right branch of the Cardiac Arrest Algorithm is epinephrine.. Epinephrine is primarily used for its vasoconstrictive effects. Vasoconstriction is …, Mar 19, 2023 · Basic treatment of torsade: ⚡️; Treatment of torsade storm: ⚡️; The following treatment strategy is for monomorphic VT, or polymorphic VT due to acute myocardial ischemia. The treatment of these entities is very similar, although there is a greater urgency to pursue revascularization in the context of polymorphic VT due to acute ischemia. , Acute ventricular fibrillation (VF) is treated according to Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocols. [ 81, 82] ) Interest in improving rates of public..., Ventricular fibrillation (VFib or VF) and ventricular tachycardia (v-tach or VT) are two types of heart arrhythmia that occur in the heart’s lower chambers called the ventricles. The ventricles ..., Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) is defined as the presence of cardiac electrical activity with organized or partially organized cardiac rhythms without a palpable pulse. Pulseless electrical activity is formerly known as electromechanical dissociation (EMD). During PEA, the heart is unable to move adequate blood volume to maintain systemic ..., Oct 31, 2022 ... Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) ECG interpretation, causes, treatment, nursing NCLEX and ACLS review., Medications used in PEA Vasopressors. A vasopressor is a medication that produces vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure. The vasopressor that is used for the treatment within the right branch of the Cardiac Arrest Algorithm is epinephrine.. Epinephrine is primarily used for its vasoconstrictive effects. Vasoconstriction is …, The treatment of choice for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation is direct current cardioversion antiarrhythmic drug can be used. Pearls & Pitfalls Drugs Mentioned In This Article , Nov 30, 2010 ... BLS and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) programs emphasize the treatment of “shockable” rhythms, v fib and v tach, and they even enjoy ..., Becoming Familiar with Synchronized Cardioversion. Between 370,000 and 750,000 American patients suffer in-hospital cardiac arrest with attempted cardiopulmonary resuscitation each year. 9 In this population, the only rhythm-specific therapy proven to increase survival to hospital discharge is timely defibrillation. 2 Timely defibrillation is ..., The first shock defibrillation success rate at the initial energy selection of 5 J was 90% (18/20) compared to. the reported cumulative success rate for the BTE waveform of 50% (25/50) at 5 J1. The threshold energy. was 6.0 ± 3.5 J, the cumulative energy was 7.0 ± 7.0 J, and the average number of shocks was 1.2 ± 0.5. shocks., Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) certification is a crucial requirement for healthcare professionals who are responsible for managing cardiac arrest and other life-threa..., N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1499-1508. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an abnormal rhythm caused by the rapid firing of multiple cells in the atria, the upper chambers of the heart, which cause the atria to quiver ineffectively. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice and is associated ... , 2018 American Heart Association Focused Update on Advanced ..., Losing a job is no fun, and it can put you in serious financial straits. Unemployment benefits provide a cushion to tide people over until they can find new employment, but some ty..., Defibrillation a powerful tool in the hands of the ACLS practitioner and it is important to know when to use defibrillation to reset the abnormal rhythm. Determining the underlying cause of an arrest is the most important goal in ACLS, and defibrillation can reset and restart the heart, buying the practitioner time to explore and treat the Hs ..., Treatments will vary depending on your diagnosis. Treatment options may include: Medications. Nonsurgical procedures. Surgical procedures. This downloadable sheet, Partnering in Your Treatment (PDF), can help you discuss your goals and options with your health care professional., Consequently, the international ACLS recommendations present the science-based clinical guidelines and some educational material for these periarrest conditions: Acute coronary syndromes. Acute pulmonary edema, hypotension, and shock. Symptomatic bradycardias. Stable and unstable tachycardias. Acute ischemic stroke